Funding my used book store Essay

This will be an outlet that bargains in second-hand or trade-in books. Proficiency of a people is the establishment of a country. We wish to empower the way of life of perusing so as to take out ignorance. We have decided to go this course because of reasonableness. The shop’s name â€Å"Daily Books† will undoubtedly be a group puller. The administration will focus on the a great many customers and those abiding window shopping or going for easygoing strolls. Considering the hard financial occasions we are experiencing as a country, this thought couldn't be more ideal. Idea Funding my trade-in book shop Business Statement SBA advances are accessible and we are going for the lowdoc that tends to needs beneath $150k. This is a piece of the 7(a) credit program. The advances not just accompany low financing costs and least problems yet in addition with business person training. This is a useful asset. Since certain banks permit one to get to assets for the business from family members, at that point your proposition is well inside every single lawful necessity. Serious edge Products and administrations: †Ease of getting old style books and works which may not be accessible from the customary book shops. These should be collectors’ things. Modest: †All our books will be route beneath the market costs. Association: †The game plan and position of books will make it simple for customers to find what they need and henceforth spare significant time. The lighting will be creative and proficient. Area: - . The shop’s vital area is a certain victor. The college and schools’ readership will prove to be useful. Advertising: †This is perhaps the best quality as my accomplice is profound and wide peruser, also that I am a magnificent social butterfly and advertiser. We have been mindful so as to enlist submitted staff whose vision is like our own. Market/Industry data While the information search keeps on growing, there is firm rivalry in the skyline. New players are joining the market also new innovation. The administration is setting up structures that will help in the development. Item/Service Information The vital assistance on offer is the arrangement of an open, remarkable item, advantageous, and a modest help office which guarantees simple access to the eager peruser. The region gathering has been of incredible help since we imparted our plan to them. On the dispatch, they have offered the motorcade grounds at no charge by any stretch of the imagination. They will likewise be sending word out to the nearby inhabitants. Objectives and methodologies temporarily, we will concentrate on getting individuals to see the master plan. What has from the start been thought of a rich man’s interest that claiming a rich home library is their safeguard will currently be regular spot. Because of our vital area, we are guaranteed of traffic. Our objective at that point, will be to concentrate on those strolling in and around the complex. We mean to serve in any event 50 strolling clients for each day. The tills in the stores around the town will offer markdown vouchers to every one of their clients in the primary month in the wake of propelling. The following level and optional objective will involve promoting by utilization of flyers and standards. We will likewise do adjusts in the workplaces. Our advertisers will visit each school in the region and the college too. For these understudies, we expect to offer a limited cost particularly for the course books. We will acquaint enrollment with every one of our clients with a point of parting with extra blessings and limits. This will see our client base develop from 50 to 100 following a half year of business. In the long haul, we are taking a gander at electronic deals. This will involve a site that will promote just as offer on-line deals. A conveyance van will prove to be useful for those individuals who might be somewhat away. The bookshop ought to have a coherence of 500 or more dedicated clients following a time of 2 years. As a reinforcement plan for the above technique, we will liaise with the neighborhood bookshops just as those in the close by towns. We will present an association program that should see their business take off too. The thought is to realize advantageous interaction and cut out of line rivalry. We intend to have stock arrangements of al different outlets and when clients make enquiries, referential deals will be consistent. We will urge book proprietors to trade or store old books that they do not utilize anymore. This thought will come route in lessening our capital necessity for re-loading. Restitution according to the bank’s prerequisites, we have arranged an exceptionally low recompense loan fee. We have a 60 days beginning beauty period after which we will be required to pay just 1. 5% PA on a diminishing equalization. This course of action will come path in helping us reimburse you inside an agreeable period. It won't stretch the business neither will you be stressed monetarily while it gives you true serenity that your speculation is made sure about. References Advani, A. (2005). SBA advances for your startup. Business visionary. com. Recovered November 18, 2008 http://www. business person. com/cash/financing/startupfinancingcolumnistasheeshadvani/article79254. html

Maya Angelou Tragedy To Triumph Essay Example For Students

Maya Angelou: Tragedy To Triumph Essay Maya Angelou is a triumphant lady. She has composed numerous books and sonnets that have given her incredible achievement. On the off chance that one would converse with her, the person in question would think she has lead a typical, upbeat life. Her life is joyful now, yet it wasnt consistently great. Maya Angelous pitiful beneficial encounters motivated her to compose self-portraying works of verse. Maya Angelou was conceived April 4, 1928 as Marguerite Johnson in St. Louis. She was brought up in isolated provincial Arkansas. She originated from a wrecked home. Angelou was assaulted at eight, and was an unwed mother at 16 years of age (Williams 1). Notwithstanding her grievous youth, she despite everything figured out how to get one of the best dark writers of the twentieth century (Williams 1). Angelou is an artist, a creator, a history specialist, an on-screen character, a writer, a social equality extremist, a maker, and an executive. Ms. Angelou started her profession in dramat ization and move, and she wedded a South African political dissident and lived in Cairo. Later she likewise educated in Ghana. During the 1960s she said that being dark, female, non-Muslim, non-Arab, six foot tall, and American made for some fascinating encounters during her stay with regards to Africa (Williams 1). Ms. Angelou achieved numerous things throughout her life. She was the northern facilitator for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in line with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. She was likewise designated to the Bicentennial Commission by President Gerald Ford, the National Commission on the Observance of International Womens Year by Jimmy Carter, and in 1993 she composed and conveyed the presidential introduction for President Bill Clinton. Maya Angelou is a beautified creator. She has been designated for two Emmy grants and has won a Pulitzer Prize. She is likewise an exceptionally refined individual. She can communicate in English, French, Spanish, Italian, and We st African Fanti. What's more, a considerable lot of her sonnets can motivate individuals today. Knowing something about Angelous life can assist one with understanding her verse. In one of Angelous sonnets, ?Unmeasured Tempo?, she discusses a people life. How psyche and body don't arrive at their pinnacle simultaneously. When an individual gets mature enough to have a profound acknowledgment of who they are their body is now declining (Angelou 11). This sonnet is written in clear section. It doesn't have any rhyme or cadence. However it uses allegorical language. For instance, the analogy, ?Dreams are petted like valued lap hounds?. This sonnet is mind boggling and makes the peruser search for the more profound significance in the sonnet (Angelou 11). Another of Angelous sonnets is ?Little Girl Speakings? where she indeed composes self-portrayingly. Its a similar sonnet about the things essential to Angelou in her youth. She is disclosing to one of her friends that she has the best guardians and the best toys(Angelou 65). There are a great deal of abstract gadgets utilized in this sonnet. The two most clear ones are slang and redundancy. The expressions ?Aint no one betters my daddy?, ?Aint nothing prettiern my dollie?, and ?No woman cookinger than my mom? are rehashed in this sonnet (Angelou 65). The rhyme plot, ABBA, is basic yet bizarre. There are numerous words that rhyme like quauter and little girl, said and head, and pie and untruth (Angelou 65). A third and last sonnet of Angelous is ? Avec Merci, Mother? (?avec? implies ?with? in French). This sonnet utilizes extremely basic language, however it is exceptionally confounded. The subject appears to change in the sonnet. She first discussions about her mom being this ideal magnificence who was affable and worshiped. And afterward it discusses an individual who gets her eyes who is by all accounts her child and afterward she connects him with his dad. This sonnet is one of Angelous increasingly troubleso me attempts to comprehend (Angelou 18). This sonnet doesnt have a ton of scholarly gadgets. The rhyme plan of this sonnet is ABABCDED. Angelou utilizes abstract devises like comparisons in the expression, ?Hes so much like his daddy when he cries? (Angelou 18). The style of Maya Angelou can extend from complex symbolical plans to simple, direct ideas. Right off the bat, her style resembles a story. Second, the jargon is generally straightforward, and not very confounded. What's more, her works are not generally ordinary: here and there she writes in typical four line verses with rhyme and musicality and now and again she doesn't. Likewise, she is straightforward, open, and she gives her feelings. A wide range of feelings are depicted in her work. There are a ton of positive things about Angelous style, however there are additionally some negative things. Now and then it is difficult to follow what she is stating except if the tale about her life is known. In some cases she does no u tilization language structure well like in ?Little Girl Speakings?. In spite of the fact that it is intriguing it may confound the peruser. Maya Angelous works are charming and intriguing in light of the fact that they have a decent rhyme to it and they read like a story or a tune. Yet, as one pundit put it, a portion of her works are ?basically silly? (Gilbert 296). Angelous verse is for a more established crowd and is hard for an adolescent to grasp. She isn't extremely longwinded and doesn't finish her considerations in some cases. Additionally, the thoughts in her verse can be exhausting and probably won't hold the perusers consideration. Maya Angelou has endure numerous hardships. She recollects the great occasions and the awful and expounded on them both. Furthermore, today she is one of the most acclaimed female dark creators ever. Maya Angelous miserable educational encounters enlivened her to compose works of verse about herself. .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f , .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f .postImageUrl , .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f , .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f:hover , .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f:visited , .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f:active { border:0!important; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f:active , .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2 4a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u24a9142a5cf7943b074ac7854de3b53f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Washington Square Essay BibliographyWorks CitedAngelou, Maya. Goodness Pray My Wings Are Going To Fit Me Well. New York: Random House, 1975. . Shaker, Why Dont You Sing? New York: Random House 1983. Gilbert, Sandra M. ? Maya Angelou.? Verse. August 1976. Williams, Scott. Account: Maya Angelou. On the web. America Online. 15 March 1998. Verse and Poets

Post-College Reading Fatigue

Post-College Reading Fatigue This is a guest post from Ashley Wertz. Ashley is a writer, artist, and well of useless knowledge. She graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in 2017 with a BA in English, a minor in Studio Arts, and a certificate in Childrens Literature. She has written for sites such as Study Breaks Magazine and ComicsVerse. In her free time, she reads graphic novels and paints portraits of Stevie Nicks. Blog:  https://ashleywertzportfolio.wordpress.com/ Twitter Handle: ashleywertzzz In four years of college, I seldom read for myself. I felt guilty about cracking open something for fun when I had novels and essays piling up. And even when I did find that morsel of a moment for myself, I would much rather spend it watching a show or attending to my other neglected hobbies. If you’re anything like me, the post-college reading fatigue is real. Reading has become more a task than a joy, blocks of teeny text like a wall that I can’t seem to climb over. Maybe I could blame my ever-dwindling attention span on a world where we find 280 character tweets too much to absorb sometimes. But I know my love for reading is still there, it’s just buried under the need to over-analyze and find arguments for essays. When your mind is still in college mode, it’s hard to overlook certain aspects of books and enjoy them for fun’s sake. So how do you begin to get yourself out of the reading rut? As a kid, I could read multiple books in a day. If only there was a way to rekindle the actual fun part of reading without a time machine. For me, the best way to get back into the groove is to take baby steps. I’ve been reading a lot of comics and graphic novels because I’m a visual person. And the combination of graphics and text make it easy to breeze through the thickest of books. The illustrations do a lot of the legwork when it comes to storytelling, in a way that written word just can’t mimic. And as an artist, reading comics is like killing two birds with one stone; I can find inspiration while putting a dent in my TBR. And since I’m on a true crime kick, one of my favorite graphic novels lately has been My Friend Dahmer. Audio books are also a great way to get in some reading, especially when multitasking. If I’m driving a fair distance, I’ll listen to something on the way there. A good narrator can also make the driest of books more interesting, especially some of the classics I’ve been pushing off. And it’s pretty easy to find free audiobooks on Spotify and YouTube, so even if you’re not totally into the auditory experience, at least you’re not losing anything by trying it out. However, even as helpful as these forms of reading can be, motivation is still a factor I need to consider. Recently, one of my best friends and I decided to start a “book club” consisting of just the two of us (so far). I feel way more driven to read when somebody else is relying on me for conversation or I have some sort of deadline. This kind of sounds like school all over again, but you get to pick what you read and you don’t have to write an essay at the end. Reading should never be a chore, but after countless hours of studying novels from the early 1900s and articles about ancient ruins, it’s difficult to find the spark again. Like with anything you’re obligated to do, even hobbies you love lose their fun factor. But with some time and gentle goals, we jaded college grads can read again with fervor.

Stock And Bond Analysis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3918 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Capital Market is the market that facilitate buying and selling of securities such as stocks shares and bonds or debentures. It is a place where business enterprises and governments raise their long term funds. The two major functions of capital market are liquidity and pricing securities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stock And Bond Analysis Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Capital Market consists of EQUITY MARKETS or STOCK MARKET, which provide financing through the issuance of shares, and enable the subsequent trading thereof and DEBT MARKETS or BOND MARKET, which provide financing through the issuance of bonds, and enable the subsequent trading thereof. The main difference between the two markets is the amount of risk and the return involved with stock and shares. Equity or stock market is governed by high risk and return, while debt market is a bit secured than the equity market. There are two types of capital market i.e. Primary market and Secondary market. Primary market: It is that market in which shares, debentures and other securities are sold for the first time for collecting long-term capital. This market is concerned with new issues. Therefore, the primary market is also called NEW ISSUE MARKET. In this market, the flow of funds is from savers to borrowers (industries), hence, it helps directly in the capital formation of the country.à ƒâ€šÃ‚   The money collected from this market is generally used by the companies to modernize the plant, machinery and buildings, for extending business, and for setting up new business unit. Secondary Market: The secondary market is that market in which the buying and selling of the previously issued securities is done. The transactions of the secondary market are generally done through the medium of stock exchange. The chief purpose of the secondary market is to create liquidity in securities. Analysis A primary market follows a particular trend, i.e. bull market and bear market. In bull market an investors buy in order to increase capital gains in the future whereas in a bear market an investors anticipate losses thus they are obliged to sell. When the Gross Domestic product and stock prices GDP Price fluctuation is an important tendency of an open market. Secondary market is affected by the change in primary market trend. Analysis and performance of Stocks: Stock Shares or stock are basically the certificate of ownership of the company. These are the one which are traded in the market. There are two types of stock i.e. common stock and preferred stock. Both these stock represent a partial ownership interest in the firm. Preferred stock has certain priority over the common stock they are generally paid fixed dividends. When a company becomes bankrupt they have an advantage of getting paid. Preferred shares do not have nay maturity date thus, they have more interest rate risk than bonds. The stock market is basically the trading groundcapital market investmentin the Companys stocks, Derivatives, and other securities. The trading in stock market is either done physically i.e. through the open outcry or through online transactions. An investor can invest i.e. buy or sell any stock as per his choice. Analysis and performance: The analysis of stock is done by considering the fundamental factors i.e. macroeconomics information, industry news and firms financial statements. Stocks are analysed through two different methods of analysis i.e. Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis. Fundamental Analysis: This analysis includes the economic, Industry and company analysis of the stock. Economic Analysis: It is generally noted that the stocks performance depends on the market influence that affects all stock indexes such as Dow Jones industrial average and SP 500 stock indexes. While analysing the stock prices the analyst must consider the economic conditions of the market or country. The investor should decide the time when he can invest in stock as per the economic conditions of the nation. The analyst must consider the systematic risk before investing in the stock as the prices of market are highly influenced by the economic conditions. It is important for an analyst to forecast the short tem as well as the long term economic conditions before making the investment decision. Short term forecast refers to four to five years ahead whereas long term investment refers to more than five years of the forecasting. The Indexes of Economic Indicators: The economic indicators are classified on the basis of cyclic timings i.e. leading, roughly coincident or lagging. The leading indicators are those time series of data that historically research their high points and low points in advance of total economic activity. Roughly coincident indicators reach their peaks at approximately same time as the economy and lagging indicators reached their turning point when economy has already turned in. To consider the economic factors we should also look into the GDP, disposal income, demographic factors and demand as these also affect the stock process. Industry Analysis: The stocks of different industries react differently to the market condition. Cyclic stocks are more likely to get recovered than the defensive stock. Cyclic stocks are tied up closely with the economic condition. For Industry analysis one should use the competitive strategy analysis. The key characteristics in an Industry Analysis is done by analysing past sales and past earnings performance of the industry, permanence, attitude of government towards the industry, labour conditions, competitive conditions, Industry life cycle. These are the several factors used for industry analysis. There are quite a lot of external sources of information for industry analysis such as Federal government, Investment services which includes the data in respect to Standards and Poors; the value line, Forbes, trade publications, funk and Scott index. Company Analysis: For the analysis of the stock prices of a company, it is very important to do study about the company. One need to know the performance of the company from last few years, financial analysis of last few years performance, growth rates of the company for last several years. The investor has to analyse the price to book ratio, return on assets and return on equity. The analysts tried to compute and analyse the financial health of the company by the above factors which will help in analysing the stock and value of the company. The analyst should also analyse and forecast the earnings of the company will helps in analysing the return of the stock. The regression and correlation analysis is also done in forecasting. To analyse the performance of the company trend analysis is used which utilizes regression analysis. Technical Analysis of Stock: Technical analysis looks for the recurring patterns of the stock prices and its movement so that the price of the stock can be analysed. The technical analysis is done through wide range of graphs. The graphs used for technical analysis are as under: Line graphs; Bar graphs; Candlestick graphs; Point and figure charts; Market profiles; Moving averages; Oscillators, such as relative strength indicators, stochastics, and moving average convergence and divergence indicators. Charts of Price Patterns: To analyse the stock movements, technicians rely on charts or graphs of price movements and on relative strength analysis. According to the technicians, the prices of stock follow a trend and the prices of the stock are analysed can be recognized by the same. The prices of stock generally depend on the forces of supply and demand which helps the technicians to predict the likely direction of future movements. The stock is analysed through its trendline, which shows the way in which the stock is moving. If demand is increasing more rapidly than supply and the stock shows successively higher low points, it is in an uptrend whereas lower highs indicate that supply is increasing more rapidly, and the stock is in a downtrend. An investor buys a stock when the stock follows an upward trend. Line chart: Line charts are the simplest form of chart. It consists of the line connecting series of points which indicate the prices of the shares. It can be drawn on linear as well as logarithm scale. Logarithm scales are used when the price use through wide ranges. Bar charts: This chart is used to present the economic data. This chart depicts the periodic low and high and closing prices of the stock or security. There is a vertical line which connects the periods high and low prices, with a cross mark indicating the price at the close of the period. This chart is useful in analysing the daily trading of a particular stock. Point and figure chart: This chart helps in depicting the increase and decrease in price of the stock.   X represents the prices increase and the O represents the price decline. Xs and Os are never shown in the same column. As soon as there is a reversal in the price of the stock the analysts moves to the next column for a new entry. Candle Stick Chart: This chart shows a stocks open, close, high and low in a modified three dimensional format. Horizontal axis depicts the passage of time whereas vertical axis shows the stock price. The white candles in the chart depict stock advances, with black candle representing declines. The thick portion of an entry is called the real body and the vertical line represents the wick. Risk in the Stock Market The stock market keeps fluctuating. The price movements of the stock are random and it required lot of study and analysis to study the performance of the stock. They are quite vulnerable to the economic conditions, speculation, press release, rumors and mass panic. The stock market prices may be very volatile due to the occurrences of the fast market changing events. Analysis and performance of Bonds: Bond A bond is a debt capital market instrument issued by a borrower, who is then required to repay to the lender/investor the amount borrowed plus interest, over a specified period of time. Bonds are also known as fixed income instruments, or fixed interest instruments in the sterling markets. Usually bonds are considered to be those debt securities with terms to maturity of over one year. Debt issued with a maturity of less than one year is considered to be money market debt. There are many different types of bonds that can be issued. The most common bond is the conventional (or plain vanilla or bullet) bond. This is a bond paying regular (annual or semi-annual) interest at a fixed rate over a fixed period to maturity or redemption, with the return of principal (the par or nominal value of the bond) on the maturity date. All other bonds will be variations on this. A bond is therefore a financial contract, in effect an IOU from the person or body that has issued the bond. Unlike sha res or equity capital, bonds carry no ownership privileges. An investor who has purchased a bond and thereby lent money to an institution will have no voice in the affairs of that institution and no vote at the annual general meeting. The bond remains an interest-bearing obligation of the issuer until it is repaid, which is usually the maturity date of the bond. The issuer can be anyone from a private individual to a sovereign government. Bond investment is different from that of stock investment. Bond investment is investing in the debt instrument that is issued by a company or government. The bond investor is actually lending money to the company while in return is promised to be paid the full principal amount plus a fixed periodic payout. The yield on the bond is calculated by putting together the final principal and total payouts received. The yield is the effective interest rate for the tenure of the bond. Analysis and performance of bond: For the analysis of bonds several arithmetical methods are used.   The concepts of simple and compound interest, time vale of money, future and present value of bonds or securities are used to analyze the bonds. Simple and compound interest The value of money what we invest or receive today is not the same as we get in future. The amount of money will be different as the amount invested will bear a rate of interest. Through the different rate of interests given on a particular security using the time value one can analyse the future of the money invested. Simple interest A loan that has one interest payment on maturity is accruing simple interest. On short-term instruments there is usually only the one interest payment on maturity, hence simple interest is received when the instrument expires. FV = PV(1 + r) (2.1) Where, FV is the terminal value or future value PV is the initial investment or present value r is the interest rate. Compound Interest A loan has different interest amount on maturity. The principle amount is compounded and the interest is applied on the compounded amount. FV = PV (1 + r)n where r is the periodic rate of interest (expressed as a decimal) n is the number of periods for which the sum is invested. Time value of Money: The concept of time value of money is applied to analyze the present and the future value of the bond or any other security. Present value can be calculated when the future value of the amount is given along with the rate of interest or vice versa. Bond Indices Bonds are always approaching in maturity, and because some are redeemed early, the set of bonds in a basket changes more frequently than the shares in an equity index. Considering a hypothetical international ten-year benchmark index, as a bond falls to less than say eight years maturity, it may be replaced by the current ten-year benchmark bond. This will have different risk characteristics to the bond it replaced and will trade differently in the market as a result. As the constituents of a bond index have to change more frequently, we may not always be comparing like-for-like when we consider historical index values. There is also the issue of bond coupon payments, which make up a significant proportion of a bonds overall return, and which must therefore be incorporated in the index valuation. Nevertheless bond indices are important for the same reason that equity indices are, and form the benchmark against which fund managers performance is measured. Price of Bond: Price of a bond is equal to the present value of its cash flows. A vanilla bonds cash flows are the interest payments or coupons that are paid during the life of the bond, together with the final redemption payment. It is possible to determine the cash flows with certainty only for conventional bonds of a fixed maturity. So for example, we do not know with certainty what the cash flow are for bonds that have embedded options and can be redeemed early. The coupon payments for conventional bonds are made annually, semi-annually or quarterly. Some bonds pay monthly interest. Therefore a conventional bond of fixed redemption date is made up of an annuity (its coupon payments) and the maturity payment. If the coupon is paid semi-annually, this means exactly half the coupon is paid as interest every six months. The interest rate that is used to discount a bonds cash flows (therefore called the discount rate) is the rate required by the bondholder. It is therefore known as the bonds yield. The yield on the bond will be determined by the market and is the price demanded by investors for buying it, which is why it is sometimes called the bonds return. The required yield for any bond will depend on a number of political and economic factors, including what yield is being earned by other bonds of the same class. Yield is always quoted as an annualised interest rate, so that for a semi annually paying bond exactly half of the annual rate is used to discount the cash flows. The fair price of a bond is the present value of all its cash flows. Therefore when pricing a bond we need to calculate the present value of all the coupon interest payments and the present value of the redemption payment, and sum these. In most markets bonds are generally traded on the basis of their prices but because of the complicated patterns of cash flows that different bonds can have, they are generally compared in terms of their yields. This means that a market-maker will usually qu ote a two-way price at which she will buy or sell a particular bond, but it is the yield at which the bond is trading that is important to the market-makers customer. This is because a bonds price does not actually tell us anything useful about what we are getting. Remember that in any market there will be a number of bonds with different issuers, coupons and terms to maturity. Even in a homogeneous market such as the gilt market, different gilts will trade according to their own specific characteristics. To compare bonds in the market therefore we need the yield on any bond and it is yields that we compare, not prices. A fund manager quoted a price at which she can buy a bond will be instantly aware of what yield that price represents, and whether this yield represents fair value. So it is the yield represented by the price that is the important figure for bond traders. For analysing the yield one need to calculate the current yield, simple yield to maturity, yield to maturity. Price/Yield Relationship Plain vanilla bonds the coupon is fixed, therefore it is the price of the bond that will need to fluctuate to reflect changes in market yields. It is useful sometimes to plot the relationship between yield and price for a bond. A typical price/yield profile is a convex curve. To reiterate, for a plain vanilla bond with a fixed coupon, the price is the only variable that can change to reflect changes in the market environment. When the coupon rate of a bond is equal to the market rate, the bond price will be par (100). If the required interest rate in the market moves above a bonds coupon rate at any point in time, the price of the bond will adjust downward in order for the bondholder to realise the additional return required. Similarly if the required yield moves below the coupon rate, the price will move up to equate the yield on the bond to the market rate. As a bond will redeem at par, the capital appreciation realised on maturity acts as compensation when the coupon rate is low er than the market yield. Yield-to-maturity yield curve The most commonly occurring yield curve is the yield to maturity yield curve. The curve itself is constructed by plotting the yield to maturity against the term to maturity for a group of bonds of the same class. Bonds used in constructing the curve will only rarely have an exact number of whole years to redemption; however it is often common to see yields plotted against whole years on the x-axis. This is because once a bond is designated the benchmark for that term, its yield is taken to be the representative yield. The yield to maturity yield curve is the most commonly observed curve simply because yield to maturity is the most frequent measure of return used. Since market rates will fluctuate over time, it will not be possible to achieve this (a feature known as reinvestment risk). Only zero-coupon bondholders avoid reinvestment risk as no coupon is paid during the life of a zero-coupon bond. The yield to maturity yield curve does not distinguish between different payment pa tterns that may result from bonds with different coupons, that is, the fact that low-coupon bonds pay a higher portion of their cash flows at a later date than high-coupon bonds of the same maturity. The curve also assumes an even cash flow pattern for all bonds. Therefore in this case cash flows are not discounted at the appropriate rate for the bonds in the group being used to construct the curve. To get around this bond analysts may sometimes construct a coupon yield curve, which plots yield to maturity against term to maturity for a group of bonds with the same coupon. This may be useful when a group of bonds contains some with very high coupons; high coupon bonds often trade cheap to the curve, that is they have higher yields, than corresponding bonds of same maturity but lower coupon. This is usually because of reinvestment risk and, in some markets (including the UK), for tax reasons. The coupon yield curve The coupon yield curve is a plot of the yield to maturity against term to maturity for a group of bonds with the same coupon. If we were to construct such a curve we would see that in general high-coupon bonds trade at a discount (have higher yields) relative to low-coupon bonds, because of reinvestment risk and for tax reasons. It is frequently the case that yields vary considerably with coupon for the same term to maturity, and with term to maturity for different coupons. Put another way, usually we observe different coupon curves not only at different levels but also with different shapes. Distortions arise in the yield to maturity curve if no allowance is made for coupon differences. For this reason bond analysts frequently draw a line of best fit through a plot of redemption yields, because the coupon effect in a group of bonds will produce a curve with humps and troughs. The figure below shows a hypothetical set of coupon yield curves, however since in any group of bonds it i s unusual to observe bonds with the same coupon along the entire term structure this type of curve is relatively rare. The par yield curve The par yield curve is not usually encountered in secondary market trading, however it is often constructed for use by corporate financiers and others in the new issues or primary market. The par yield curve plots yield to maturity against term to maturity for current bonds trading at par. The par yield is therefore equal to the coupon rate for bonds priced at par or near to par, as the yield to maturity for bonds priced exactly at par is equal to the coupon rate. Those involved in the primary market will use a par yield curve to determine the required coupon for a new bond that is to be issued at par. This is because investors prefer not to pay over par for a new-issue bond, so the bond requires a coupon that will result in a price at or slightly below par. The par yield curve can be derived directly from bond yields when bonds are trading at or near par. If bonds in the market are trading substantially away from par then the resulting curve will be distorted. It is then necessary to derive it by iteration from the spot yield curve. As we would observe at almost any time, it is rare to encounter bonds trading at par for any particular maturity. The market therefore uses actual non-par vanilla bond yield curves to derive zero-coupon yield curves and then constructs hypothetical par yields that would be observed were there any par bonds being traded. Risk in the Bond Market Capital market risk in the bond market arises due to interest rate changes. There is an inverse relationship existing between the interest rate and the price of the bond. Hence the bond prices are sensitive to the monetary policy of the country as well as economic changes. Summary References

ESL Lesson Plan Travel Plans

This English lesson plan helps reinforce  vocabulary related to traveling  by asking students to plan trips and excursions based on the profile of different groups of travelers. It is helpful to use local newspapers, especially newspapers that provide local events, to give students ideas of real places to visit. Most large cities have specialty newspapers that focus on local events and attractions available for free throughout the city. Instructions for Teachers The lesson begins with students deciding which types of groups are going to take a trip. Based on which group of travelers are going, students then use resources to plan out a short stay in a specific city or area of the country. Of course, you can choose to have students focus on distant locations. If you are teaching English in another country, its probably best to vary this and focus on traveling abroad to allow the use of English place names. Lesson Aims: Completing a small group task using the internet and other resources available in English, describing a travel destination and itinerary in detail Activity: Planning a short trip to a specific location based on different traveler types Level: Intermediate   Lesson Plan As a class, discuss what types of locations, travel plans, etc. might be suitable for these different types of travelers: A married couple on a honeymoonTwo friends who are attending collegeTwo business people   As a class, discuss which resources students can use to make travel plans. There are many travel websites online that offer all the necessary tools for scheduling a trip. If available, use a projector and walk through the process of finding round trip flight tickets and hotels on a travel site.   Using the worksheet below, break students up into pairs or small groups (maximum of 4) assigning a pair of travelers to each group. Have students come up with detailed plans for each travel group. After each group has finished, have them present their travel plans to the entire class. Variation: To extend this activity, ask students to create a presentation using PowerPoint or another similar software application. Students should find photos and write up bullet points for each of the activities to include in the presentation.   Worksheet Plan a Trip to ___________ for the Following Travel Groups: Honeymooners Mary and Tim have just married and are in the mood for a great honeymoon to celebrate their eternal love for each other. Make sure to include lots of romantic options and some excellent meals to mark this happy event. College Friends Alan and Jeff are attending college together and are looking to have a wild week of fun and adventure. They love going to clubs and partying hard, but they dont have a lot of money to eat at fine restaurants.   Cultured Couples The Andersons and the Smiths are married couples that have been friends for years. Their children are grown up and have their own families. Now, they enjoy traveling together and place a great deal of emphasis on visiting sights of cultural significance. They also love going to concerts and eating fine food.   Business People These business people are interested in opening up a new company at your chosen location. They need to find out about the area, meet local business people, and discuss their proposal with local government. Family with Children The McCarthur family has three children aged 2, 5, and 10. They love spending time outdoors and have a limited budget for eating out. They arent interested in entertainment, but the parents like to take the children to important museums to help with their cultural education.   Peter and Dan Peter and Dan married a few years ago. They love to explore gay hot spots in cities they travel to, as well as do traditional sight-seeing tours. They are also gourmets who spend up to $500 on good meals, so theyd like to go to at least one top rated restaurant.   Travel Planning Sheet Fill in the information to complete the vacation plans. Travel Flight: Dates / Times:Cost: Hotel How many nights?:Cost: Rental car yes/no?If yes, cost: Day 1 Trips / Sightseeing for the day:Cost: Restaurants / Eating:Where?:Cost: Evening entertainment:What / Where?Cost: Day 2 Trips / Sightseeing for the day:Cost: Restaurants / Eating:Where?:Cost: Evening entertainment:What / Where?Cost: Day 3 Trips / Sightseeing for the day:Cost: Restaurants / Eating:Where?:Cost: Evening entertainment:What / Where?Cost: Add as many days as necessary to your travel planning sheet.

The Factors Of Adolescent Behavior - 1287 Words

The Factors of Adolescent Behavior as Defined by Aloe Blacc’s Song, â€Å"Love is the Answer† â€Å"Love is the answer/ It’s the only thing that everybody needs† –A. Blacc The presence of love plays a distinct role on society. The amount of compassion and support given greatly affects an individual’s outcome in life. The story told in Aloe Blacc’s music video â€Å"Love Is The Answer† centers on two teenage brothers who become separated after their parents’ divorce. With each son residing with one parent, the video shows a contrast of the lives of the boys. The message of the video suggests that family life, social environments, and love are factors of adolescent behavior. The music video uses imagery, videography techniques, and lyrics to convey its†¦show more content†¦The video also captures scenes of the father’s son attending a good school. The neatly maintained lockers and hallways, student computers, football field, and suburbia-looking teenagers conveys the thought that he has a quality education that perhaps teaches moral ethics to their students. This son is also seen dedicating himself to football. The scenes highlight his passion and hard work as he is seen practicing on the football field. The second son’s quality of life is not the same as his brother’s. His mother is rarely seen in the music video. She only makes one appearance with her son. Her short appearance shows her yelling at him as he lies on the couch, holding a football. This son attends a school with damaged lockers and enters a classroom that appears to be a rundown portable building. Most of the students have rebellious looks on their faces and show no interest in their education. He spends his free time gambling and drinking with rebellious people. The contrast in the lifestyles of the two brothers suggests that the factors of behavior vary in each situation. â€Å"Although social behavior is learned by youth through a variety of sources, including peers, school, the family and the neighborhood, it is the family that is the single most important influence on youth socialization† (Donegan 1996). Both sons are highly influenced by the parent they live with. Judging by the stern facial expressions seen on the mother’s son throughout

Evidence From Deregulated Trucking Industry -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Evidence From Deregulated Trucking Industry? Answer: Introduction The entrepreneurial growth is a necessary aspect for survival of any start-up firms. There are multiple dimensions of assessing growth. Entrepreneurial growth can be assessed in context of customers, liquidity, employees, profit, geographic location and various other dimensions (Naldi Davidsson, 2014). The paper reflects my view and experience regarding entrepreneurial growth with help of well-documented theory in this field. Before entering into detail discussion of entrepreneurial growth, it is necessary to understand the concept of growth in context of different enterprises with reference to measures of growth. From managers point of view, entrepreneurship is associated with terms such as innovation, flexibility, risk taking behavior, creativity and orientation towards growth. Others viewed entrepreneurship as operating and starting new ventures. The view is further reinforced with success of enterprises such as Apple computer, Lotus Development and Dominos Pizza (Stevenson Gumpert, 1985). We find heterogeneity in growth patterns of different firms addressing different motive of entrepreneurial growth. The first pattern I found while studying different sized enterprises is the motives of growth (Voss Voss, 2013). This explains the reasons of growth for the entrepreneurial firms. The high ambition and risk taking behavior push firms toward achieving a higher growth rate. The decision regarding growth is driven from characteristics of enterprises (Davidsson, Achtenhagen Naldi, 2006). Other factors, which I think important for growth pattern,are environmental factors, resources, need for ac hievement, and structure of the organization, resource availability and contextual framework of the industry Stevens and Gumpert pursue the view that identification of favorable circumstances is not enough to ensure entrepreneurial growth. Promoters are able to identify quickly the available opportunity. In contrast, commitment from trustees side is time consuming and is made for long time. Trustees make very slow movement and hence, promoters are believed to grow faster as compared to trustees (Stevenson Gumpert, 1985). Penrose provided a simplistic view of organization growth. Growth is explained in reference to growth of any living organism. No organism can grow without proper environment, resource and sometimes-external factors are needed for proper growth. The same argument holds for growth of enterprise (Garnsey, Stam Heffernan, 2006). The entrepreneurial growth is subject to availability of resources, capacity of growth and design of suitable strategy. Additionally, entrepreneurs should be motivated to expand its operation and grow bigger. This is how Wiklund modify growth definiti on provided by Penrose. I think the aspects on which Wiklund has drawn attention is a useful concept of growth (Wiklund, 1998). After gathering theoretical knowledge about entrepreneurial growth, now I am going to discuss entrepreneurial growth in context of organic or internal growth strategies. In the ecosystem, growth of plant requires micronutrients in soil, water, sunlight and air (DeAngelis, 2018). In context of business organization, organic or internal growth implies firms growth within the organization. Different strategies for internal growth of organizations include development of new range of products, introduction of new products to the international market, expanding operation to new location and exploring capacity of business with investment in new technology or making capital investment (Deresky, 2017). As plants requires proper resources or environment for its growth, enterprises require supply of inputs and competitive environment for its growth. I have found some companies that are experiencing an internal growth successfully. Examples include Dominos, Costa coffee and Apple (Stevenson Gum pert, 1985). Intensive studies of entrepreneurial growth reveals that innovation is one important aspect of entrepreneurial growth. I have come across the concept of resource-based approach in this field. The Resource based approach evaluates how firms can attain and sustain their competitive advantage by exploring resources (Hitt, Xu Carnes, 2016). We can relate the resource based view with development of social capital and theories of innovation and in the evaluation of enterprise growth as well as strength of the organization (Pettus, 2001). The idea points towards need for resources to attain a sustainable growth of enterprises. Innovation that prepares a smooth path of growth requires investment in forms of capital investment and investment in human resources. Investment in human resource and human resource management is important for stimulating innovation. Human resource containing a skilled workforce influences creativity. When knowledge is shared among workers in the organization, productivity automatically enhanced (Snell, Morris Bohlander, 2015). During my internship in IKEA, one of the leading companies in Sweden I came across Human Resource Management practice of the company. The company out heavy weightage on empowerment of employees. A survey conducted on IKEA employees shows that almost all workers are committed towards their working culture (Stadtler, 2015). A well-designed systematic HRM practice is one factor that has brought success for the company. Penrose (1995) in his paper had discussed factors causing limit to growth. The paper developed by Penrose scrutinized causes and limits of organization growth. Some of the relevant factors are present within the company while some are external factors. The internal factors inhibiting firms growth include lack of access to capital or unfavorable condition of demand. Change in firms technology is one of internal factor affecting growth (Fernndez-Olmos Ramrez-Alesn, 2017). There are external factors as well that limits growth. The need to conduct research and planning prior to expansion limit the extent of expansion. The limited availability of management service in another factor limiting growth (Penrose, 1955). This actually refers to presence of experienced personnel in the enterprise. Firms even when have perfectly elastic supply of all other important factors of production only grow up to a limit because of lack of efficient management service (Buckley Casson, 2016). Growth in the business organization can be recognized through two channels- channel of internal or organic growth and channel of external growth. Organic or internal growth depends on firms internal resource and is a relatively slow process (Favaro, Meer Sharma, 2012). External growth on the other hand depends on others companies resources. The internal growth strategy includes market penetration strategy, product development and diversification strategy to mitigate risk. Mergers and joint ventures are part of external growth strategy. A business can merge with another business in two ways- takeovers or acquisition and amalgamation (Gerpott Neubauer, 2016). In acquisition one company buys major shares of another and take control of the firm. While amalgamation is when two or more than two firms join and operate as a single entity (Kreutzer, 2012). The strategy of joint venture refers to decision of two or more firms to jointly set up a new business firm in order to explore greater opportunity. The organism growth like for a tree or any living organism a visible growth is indicated from change in amount or size. Similarly, growth of enterprise is reflected from measures like growth of employment, profit margin, volume of sales, financial performance indicators such as return on equity and return on assets (Achtenhagen, Naldi Melin, 2010). The performance tool in most companies now evaluated using balance score card. The company which I worked for uses this tool for performance analysis. However, there is little concern regarding particular growth measures and it is always suggested adapt multiple growth measures to assess the overall level of growth (Delmar, Davidsson Gartner, 2003). I completely agree with the proposition that growth of enterprise leads to development and brings creativity in the organization, which is discussed during this course. While researching on entrepreneurial growth, I have found that heterogeneity exists in firms productivity and performance and there are different ways of attaining growth. What individual company can do is to identify their strength and explore that strength to attain growth. One way is to invest in research and development to improve quality of their product or attain a wider variety as suggested in the endogenous growth model (Agnor Montiel, 2015). Enterprises should focus on raising access to factors of production and should efficiently allocate of these resources. Finally, I found several similarities between growth of enterprises and that of organism in the ecosystem. The growth of an organism is limited by its genes or environment. Similarly, the growth of organization limited because of some internal and external factors. Sometime managers with their own choice decides to stop firms growth due to personal cause like issues related to ethic or normative practice or their own lifestyles. Intervention by government and economic shocks are examples are external factors influencing entrepreneurial growth. The existing or start up enterprises should assess their performance on multiple dimension and adapt sustainable growth strategy. Reference list Achtenhagen, L., Naldi, L., Melin, L. (2010). Business growthDo practitioners and scholars really talk about the same thing?.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,34(2), 289-316. Agnor, P. R., Montiel, P. J. (2015).Development macroeconomics. Princeton University Press. Buckley, P. J., Casson, M. (2016).The future of the multinational enterprise. Springer. Davidsson, P., Achtenhagen, L., Naldi, L. (2006). What do we know about small firm growth?. InThe life cycle of entrepreneurial ventures(pp. 361-398). Springer, Boston, MA. DeAngelis, D. L. (2018).Individual-based models and approaches in ecology: populations, communities and ecosystems. CRC Press. Delmar, F., Davidsson, P., Gartner, W. B. (2003). Arriving at the high-growth firm.Journal of business venturing,18(2), 189-216. Deresky, H. (2017).International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Favaro, K., Meer, D., Sharma, S. (2012). Creating an organic growth machine.Harvard Business Review,90(5), 96-106. Fernndez-Olmos, M., Ramrez-Alesn, M. (2017). How internal and external factors influence the dynamics of SME technology collaboration networks over time.Technovation,64, 16-27. Garnsey, E., Stam, E., Heffernan, P. (2006). New firm growth: Exploring processes and paths.Industry and Innovation,13(1), 1-20. Gerpott, T. J., Neubauer, F. B. (2016). Post-acquisition integration management and takeover performance: A comprehensive empirical study of a German transaction from the employee perspective.Journal of General Management,41(4), 3-34. Hitt, M. A., Xu, K., Carnes, C. M. (2016). Resource based theory in operations management research.Journal of Operations Management,41, 77-94. Kreutzer, M. (2012). Selecting the right growth mechanism: The choice between internal development, strategic alliances, and mergers acquisitions. InBalanced Growth(pp. 77-94). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Naldi, L., Davidsson, P. (2014). Entrepreneurial growth: The role of international knowledge acquisition as moderated by firm age.Journal of Business Venturing,29(5), 687-703. Penrose, E. (1955). Limits to the Growth and Size of Firms.The American Economic Review,45(2), 531-543. Pettus, M. L. (2001). The resource-based view as a developmental growth process: Evidence from the deregulated trucking industry.Academy of Management Journal,44(4), 878-896. Snell, S. A., Morris, S., Bohlander, G. W. (2015).Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Stevenson, H., Gumpert, D. (1985). The heart of entrepreneurship. Harvard Business Review, 63(2): 85-94. Voss, G. B., Voss, Z. G. (2013). Strategic ambidexterity in small and medium-sized enterprises: Implementing exploration and exploitation in product and market domains.Organization Science,24(5), 1459-1477. Wiklund, J. (1998).Small Firm Growth and Performance : Entrepreneurship and Beyond.JIBS Dissertation Series 3. Jnkping: JIBS, pp. 255-259.